Numeric style

How to reference a particular source in Numeric style

Click on the appropriate header below to expand the section and find information about how to reference a particular source in Numeric style.

  • In-text citations

    Generally, when using the Numeric style, a reference in your paper requires only the name of the author or authors and the number of the detailed reference.

    For example

    One author

    As Deitel [1] outlines: "It would be dangerous to enable applets arriving from anywhere on the World Wide Web to be able to read files on the client system."

    Two or three authors of one work

    Rossetti and Revonsuo [2] recently stated…

    Four or more authors of one work

    Chavarria et al [3]

    When the authors are not mentioned in the text, use numbers

    Experiments have been reported using quantum dot qubits [4-6]

    These works are then listed in full at the end of the essay. Superscript 7, brackets (8) or square brackets [9] may be used.

  • Book

    Citation order and format

    Author Surname, Initials. Title. Edition - if not the first edition. Place of publication: Publisher, year of publication, pp.

    Example

    Deitel, H.M. and Deitel P.J. Java: How to Program. London: Prentice Hall, 1999, pp. 10-14.

  • Chapter in a book

    Citation order and format

    Author Surname, Initials. Chapter title. In: editor name. - Surname, Forename. Title of book. ed. Place of publication: Publisher, year of publication, pp.

    Example

    Pears, R. Sheilds, G. What is Referencing? In: Cite Them Right: the essential referencing guide. 10th ed. London: Palgrave, 2016, pp.1-4.

  • Ebook

    Citation order and format

    Author Surname, Initials. Title. Edition. - if not the first edition Publisher, year of publication, page number p. [Online] Available at: url [Accessed date month year].

    Example

    Corrie, M. A concise companion to Middle English literature. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. [Online] Available at http://netlibrary.com [Accessed 21 June 2011].

  • Journal article

    Citation order and format

    Author Surname, Initials. Article title. Journal title, year of publication, volume (issue number) p.

    Example

    Chavarria, J.A., Malin, P., Catchings, R.D. and Shalev, E. A Look Inside the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield Through Vertical Seismic Profiling. Science, 2003, 302 (5651) pp. 1746-1748.

  • Webpage

    Citation order and format

    Author Surname, Initials. Title of article. Title of the website, year of publication. [Online] Available from: URL [Accessed date month abbreviated year].

    Example

    S. Hawking. The Beginning of Time. A public lecture. Professor Stephen Hawking's website, 2000. [Online] Available from: http://www.hawking.org.uk/home/hindex.html [Accessed 31 Jan 2017].

  • Film

    Citation order and format

    Title of film. Directed by: director Forename, Surname. Place of distribution: Distribution Company, year of release.

    Example

    Macbeth. Directed by: Orson Wells. California: Republic Pictures, 1948.

  • Government document

    Citation order and format

    Country or State, Corporate author. Title of publication. Place of Publication: Publisher, year of publication.

    Example

    Great Britain, Lord Chancellor's Department. Government policy on archives. London: The Stationery Office, 2009.

  • Newspaper article

    Citation order and format

    Author Surname, Initials. Article name. Newspaper name, date of publication day month year, p.

    Example

    Brooker C. Screen burn. The Guardian, 14th February 2008, p.13